11 Highest Paying URL Shortener to Earn Money Online

1. Clk.sh: Clk.sh is a newly launched trusted link shortener network, it is a sister site of shrinkearn.com. I like ClkSh because it accepts multiple views from same visitors. If any one searching for Top and best url shortener service then i recommend this url shortener to our users. Clk.sh accepts advertisers and publishers from all over the world. It offers an opportunity to all its publishers to earn money and advertisers will get their targeted audience for cheapest rate. While writing ClkSh was offering up to $8 per 1000 visits and its minimum cpm rate is $1.4. Like Shrinkearn, Shorte.st url shorteners Clk.sh also offers some best features to all its users, including Good customer support, multiple views counting, decent cpm rates, good referral rate, multiple tools, quick payments etc. ClkSh offers 30% referral commission to its publishers. It uses 6 payment methods to all its users.
   • Payout for 1000 Views: Upto $8
   • Minimum Withdrawal: $5
   • Referral Commission: 30%
   • Payment Methods: PayPal, Payza, Skrill etc.
   • Payment Time: Daily
   
   
2. Ouo.io: Ouo.io is one of the fastest growing URL Shortener Service. Its pretty domain name is helpful in generating more clicks than other URL Shortener Services, and so you get a good opportunity for earning more money out of your shortened link. Ouo.io comes with several advanced features as well as customization options.
   With Ouo.io you can earn up to $8 per 1000 views. It also counts multiple views from same IP or person. With Ouo.io is becomes easy to earn money using its URL Shortener Service. The minimum payout is $5. Your earnings are automatically credited to your PayPal or Payoneer account on 1st or 15th of the month.
   
   • Payout for every 1000 views-$5
   • Minimum payout-$5
   • Referral commission-20%
   • Payout time-1st and 15th date of the month
   • Payout options-PayPal and Payza
   
   
3. Wi.cr: Wi.cr is also one of the 30 highest paying URL sites.You can earn through shortening links.When someone will click on your link.You will be paid.They offer $7 for 1000 views.Minimum payout is $5.
   You can earn through its referral program.When someone will open the account through your link you will get 10% commission.Payment option is PayPal.
   
   • Payout for 1000 views-$7
   • Minimum payout-$5
   • Referral commission-10%
   • Payout method-Paypal
   • Payout time-daily
   
   
4. LINK.TL: LINK.TL is one of the best and highest URL shortener website.It pays up to $16 for every 1000 views.You just have to sign up for free.You can earn by shortening your long URL into short and you can paste that URL into your website, blogs or social media networking sites, like facebook, twitter, and google plus etc.
   One of the best thing about this site is its referral system.They offer 10% referral commission.You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.
   
   • Payout for 1000 views-$16
   • Minimum payout-$5
   • Referral commission-10%
   • Payout methods-Paypal, Payza, and Skrill
   • Payment time-daily basis
   
   
5. Short.pe: Short.pe is one of the most trusted sites from our top 30 highest paying URL shorteners.It pays on time.intrusting thing is that same visitor can click on your shorten link multiple times.You can earn by sign up and shorten your long URL.You just have to paste that URL to somewhere.
   You can paste it into your website, blog, or social media networking sites.They offer $5 for every 1000 views.You can also earn 20% referral commission from this site.Their minimum payout amount is only $1.You can withdraw from Paypal, Payza, and Payoneer.
   
   • The payout for 1000 views-$5
   • Minimum payout-$1
   • Referral commission-20% for lifetime
   • Payment methods-Paypal, Payza, and Payoneer
   • Payment time-on daily basis
   
   
6. Short.am: Short.am provides a big opportunity for earning money by shortening links. It is a rapidly growing URL Shortening Service. You simply need to sign up and start shrinking links. You can share the shortened links across the web, on your webpage, Twitter, Facebook, and more. Short.am provides detailed statistics and easy-to-use API.
   It even provides add-ons and plugins so that you can monetize your WordPress site. The minimum payout is $5 before you will be paid. It pays users via PayPal or Payoneer. It has the best market payout rates, offering unparalleled revenue. Short.am also run a referral program wherein you can earn 20% extra commission for life.
   
7. CPMlink: CPMlink is one of the most legit URL shortener sites.You can sign up for free.It works like other shortener sites.You just have to shorten your link and paste that link into the internet.When someone will click on your link.
   You will get some amount of that click.It pays around $5 for every 1000 views.They offer 10% commission as the referral program.You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.The payment is then sent to your PayPal, Payza or Skrill account daily after requesting it.
   
   • The payout for 1000 views-$5
   • Minimum payout-$5
   • Referral commission-10%
   • Payment methods-Paypal, Payza, and Skrill
   • Payment time-daily
   
   
8. Adf.ly: Adf.ly is the oldest and one of the most trusted URL Shortener Service for making money by shrinking your links. Adf.ly provides you an opportunity to earn up to $5 per 1000 views. However, the earnings depend upon the demographics of users who go on to click the shortened link by Adf.ly.
   It offers a very comprehensive reporting system for tracking the performance of your each shortened URL. The minimum payout is kept low, and it is $5. It pays on 10th of every month. You can receive your earnings via PayPal, Payza, or AlertPay. Adf.ly also runs a referral program wherein you can earn a flat 20% commission for each referral for a lifetime.
   
9. Linkbucks: Linkbucks is another best and one of the most popular sites for shortening URLs and earning money. It boasts of high Google Page Rank as well as very high Alexa rankings. Linkbucks is paying $0.5 to $7 per 1000 views, and it depends on country to country.
   The minimum payout is $10, and payment method is PayPal. It also provides the opportunity of referral earnings wherein you can earn 20% commission for a lifetime. Linkbucks runs advertising programs as well.
   
   • The payout for 1000 views-$3-9
   • Minimum payout-$10
   • Referral commission-20%
   • Payment options-PayPal,Payza,and Payoneer
   • Payment-on the daily basis
   
   
10. BIT-URL: It is a new URL shortener website.Its CPM rate is good.You can sign up for free and shorten your URL and that shortener URL can be paste on your websites, blogs or social media networking sites.bit-url.com pays $8.10 for 1000 views.
    You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $3.bit-url.com offers 20% commission for your referral link.Payment methods are PayPal, Payza, Payeer, and Flexy etc.
    
    • The payout for 1000 views-$8.10
    • Minimum payout-$3
    • Referral commission-20%
    • Payment methods- Paypal, Payza, and Payeer
    • Payment time-daily
    
    
11. Cut-win: Cut-win is a new URL shortener website.It is paying at the time and you can trust it.You just have to sign up for an account and then you can shorten your URL and put that URL anywhere.You can paste it into your site, blog or even social media networking sites.It pays high CPM rate.
    You can earn $10 for 1000 views.You can earn 22% commission through the referral system.The most important thing is that you can withdraw your amount when it reaches $1.
    
    • The payout for 1000 views-$10
    • Minimum payout-$1
    • Referral commission-22%
    • Payment methods-PayPal, Payza, Bitcoin, Skrill, Western Union and Moneygram etc.
    • Payment time-daily
    
    

Download FINAL FANTASY VII REMAKE For PC

Download FINAL FANTASY VII REMAKE For PC

DOWNLOAD LINKS: 

 Final Fantasy VII Remake RELOADED PART01 : 500 

Final Fantasy VII Remake RELOADED PART02 : 500 

Final Fantasy VII Remake RELOADED PART03 : 500 

Final Fantasy VII Remake RELOADED PART04 : 500 

Final Fantasy VII Remake RELOADED 05 : 87 

PASSWORD: 

Password: After 10$ payment is done

ORDER NOW

Downlod Hit Man 2 Free By Ayush Anand (No Part Only Crack)

downlod free hit man 

minumum reqirments   2gb ram32bit 1 tb hardiskwndow 7.8.10
downlod full updated games from here

                    the games was given by y.yadav gamer

We were expecting some sort of Hitman 2 game ever since IO started referring to the last game as 'The Complete First Season', which rather suggested that there was going to be a Season 2. (Though, as you'll know by now, those expectations have turned out to be not entirely accurate.)

Before a Hitman 2 release date could even be a thing, we needed a Hitman reboot that would be a return to form for the series. After the leaden and muddled Absolution, it's clear IO intends to build on the same sandbox formula they've perfected over the past few years.

After some stealthy – but decidedly non-violent – deduction work, we know loads of Hitman 2 trailer and gameplay details. We know the location of the first two missions, the ways in which the design of the initial game is being expanded, and a few of the silly/excellent costumes you'll be donning. Here's everything we know about Hitman 2.

HITMAN 2 RELEASE DATE

IO Interactive was not shy about revealing this one. The Hitman 2 release date is November 13, 2018. Hitch-free assassinations require patience, but that's barely a wait at all.

HITMAN 2 LOCATIONS

All of Hitman 2 locations have been revealed it looks like Agent 47 is going to acquire lot of air miles. The six locations are Miami, Colombia, New Zealand, India, USA, and the North Atlantic with Austria being the setting for the Sniper Assassin Game Mode. We've seen plenty of Miami and Columbia and in IO's most recent trailer we can feast our eyes on Hawke's Bay, Mumbai, Vermont and the Isle of Sgàil.

MIAMI, USA

Miami was the first Hitman 2 location that we got to feast our eyes on. We've played through Hitman's 2 Miami mission where Agent 47 attended the final hours of the Global Innovation Race a spectacle for the fastest cars in modern racing. In Miami you are tasked with killing a motorsport driver.

SANTA FORTUNA, COLOMBIA

We've also played the game's second mission, and know that Agent 47's work will take him to the thick Colombian jungle. In this level, foliage is your ally as Agent 47 will be slinking through the underbrush to make his kills. There are three targets: Rico Delgado, Jorge Franco, and Andrea Martinez. There are hippos, heavy-chandeliers, drug-filled souvenirs, a precariously rickety gold statue, and the opportunity to stab someone with a tattoo pen. Clearly creatively bumping people off will remain at the forefront of this sequel. IO also said in a press release that guards won't be the only threat this time, so prepare for wild animals and poisonous plants.

HAWKE'S BAY, NEW ZEALAND

Hawke's Bay, New Zealand looks to be an interesting location. The location trailer shows Agent 47 on a beach at night time perusing his target, sand being kicked up everywhere. With just the sand dunes and the sea for as far as you can see, its going to put your stealth skills to the test.

MUMBAI, INDIA

Mumbai is on the complete opposite end of the spectrum, its loud, crowded, and there are plenty of opportunities for a sneaky and stealthy kill.

Counter-Strike 1.6 Full Version For Pc Highly compressed-BY TN GAMER

Counter-Strike (CS) is a series of multiplayer first-person shooter video games, in which teams of terrorists battle to perpetrate an act of terror (bombing, hostage-taking) and counter-terrorists try to prevent it (bomb defusal, hostage rescue). The series began on Windows in 1999 with the first game, Counter-Strike. It was initially released as a modification ("mod") for Half-Life and designed by Minh "Gooseman" Le and Jess "Cliffe" Cliffe before the rights to the game's intellectual propertywere acquired by Valve Corporation, the developers of Half-Life.

That original game was followed by Counter-Strike: Condition Zero, developed by Turtle Rock Studios and released in 2004. In November of that year, Counter-Strike: Source was released by Valve. Released only eight months after Condition Zero, Source was a remake of the original Counter-Strike and the first in the series to run on Valve's newly created Source engine.^[1] The fourth game in the main series, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, was released by Valve in 2012 for Windows, OS X, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3. Hidden Path Entertainment, who also worked on Counter-Strike: Source post-release, helped to develop the game alongside Valve.^[2]

There have been several community-made spin-off titles created over the years. These include the Online series, Neo, and Nexon: Zombies

GAME SIZE:

172MB

Counter-Strike: 1.6 Recommended Requirements:

• CPU: Pentium 4 processor (3.0 GHz, or better)
• CPU SPEED: 1.80GHz
• RAM: 1 GB.
• OS: Windows 7 (32/64-bit)/Vista/XP.
• VIDEO CARD: 64MB / Direct X 9
• PIXEL SHADER: 2.0.
• VERTEX SHADER: 2.0.
• FREE DISK SPACE: 1.6GB

Click here to download button:

How To Install This Game:

                                                                                                           Open this download file:

Click here to next:

Click here to next:

Now your game is installing:

Now your Game is completely Install:

Current Happenings

I know I have not posted in a while but I am about to start...."soon".  That does not mean I have not been talking about gaming brpecause I have.  Most of my discussion has been done at the OD&D Campaigns and House Rules Discussion forums.  There are a lot of great discussions going on there and several people, including myself, have started discussing their own campaign worlds in dedicated sections.  Stop by and join in if old school D&D or games of a similar style are your thing.  

I recently finished reading the first Mistborn novel, The Final Empire, and I just started reading the second, The Well of Ascension.  I almost paused on reading the second novel so I could continue the Stormlight Archive with Words Of Radiance but I decided against it.  Besides, the third book in the Stormlight Archive will be "that much" closer to being finished if I wait. ;)

I am currently watching the fifth season of Game of Thrones as it is aired.  I think I prefer the DVD binge watching method instead of one episode a week.  I am waiting for Fear the Walking Dead, season six of The Walking Dead, and season two of Z Nation.

My most recent gaming purchase was the Pathfinder Beginner Box.  Yeah, I know I am late to the party on this but it should be called the box of awesomeness!  Regardless of whether you are a Pathfinder fan, this is the way to do an introductory set.

More later...

Resident Evil 2 Review (PS4/Steam)

Written by Alexander O. Cuaycong and Anthony L. Cuaycong

Title: Resident Evil 2 (PS4/Steam)
Developer: CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
Publisher: CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
Genre: Action, Horror
Price: $59.99
Also Available On: XB1

---

Resident Evil was an instant hit when it came out in 1996. Its first on-screen text was cryptic, if awkwardly put together. "Enter the survival horror." The words likewise spoke the truth, and to the point where they introduced a whole new genre in the industry. They set the tone on what the game wanted to do in a way no other release was hitherto able. It was less about breezing through enemies and more about rationing supplies and equipment. It was about grittily plodding on in a hostile, alien environment. It was about atmosphere and tension, about unsettling gamers with both anticipation and actual experience.

Parenthetically, Resident Evil 2 followed in its predecessor's footsteps just two years later, and how. In fact, it proved superior in every conceivable manner, ultimately becoming the most successful entry in the series (and possessing timeless virtues that have allowed Capcom to green-light a remake a full two decades since it first made its way to store shelves). Considering how high Resident Evil director Shinji Mikami initially set the bar and how much work then went into it, its positive reception came as no surprise.

Resident Evil 2 pit you against an unending tide of zombies and biological horrors. It carried with it much of the same motifs as the original, but was set in a larger environment, with newer and tougher enemies, off a more relatable setting. It boasted of better set pieces, creepier environments, and a larger emphasis on character and story while still keeping all the endearing quirks and, yes, clunkiness of the original. Small wonder, then, why fans viewed the game with fondness over the years, and why news of the remake had them elated and, at the same time, apprehensive.

Released late last month, the update of Resident Evil 2 keeps plenty from its namesake while reimagining significant parts to present a whole new experience altogether. The main course remains, but ingredients — among them enemies, puzzles, and items — have been changed, with the end-view or appealing to longtime fans of, as well as newcomers to, the title. And the good news is that it does everything it sets out to do spectacularly. Running off the same game engine that propelled Resident Evil 7, it runs smoothly and looks and sounds great to boot, with very little slowdown on the PlayStation 4 as well as on lower-end rigs.

Where Resident Evil 2 truly stands out, though, is in its gameplay. It represents a return to form by straying from the series' more recent preference for action and emphasizing its survival horror roots. Bullets are scarce, zombies are tough and do a lot of damage, and tight corridors and entryways compel you to weigh the pros and cons of fight or flight. While most other games would emphasize cleaving through enemies, it instead forces you to think tactically about your choices and making you live with your decisions. Is using ammo to bring down a couple of zombies justified when there are more lurking in the next room? Can you dodge certain enemies instead of fighting them? Do you dare risk a shorter but more dangerous route just to save you a few minutes of backtracking?

At the very least, you're not unprepared for the threats you face in Resident Evil 2. While most old enemies return, so do the veritable list of weapons main characters Leon S. Kennedy and Claire Redfield have access to. And they're just as effective with the new over-the-shoulder aiming mechanics. Most enemies, while tough, stagger if hit in the proper spots. A zombie can easily take several bullets to the chest, but will wind up incapacitated by a hit to the kneecap. A good shot to the head will stun them and allow you some time to skirt past. Knives and grenades are handy when you get grabbed, and herbs and first-aid sprays can be used to replenish your health should you ever get bitten, punched, or otherwise mangled by the monstrosities that have overrun the Raccoon Police Department.

With the return of old-school gameplay comes old-school obstacles. While often cryptic and borderline ridiculous, puzzles are fun to solve even as they require you to explore nooks and crannies. Exploration becomes the key to progression and, if nothing else, keeps you moving. The remake's plot isn't far removed from that of the original; it remains goofy overall, but nicely provides the impetus for fleshing out side characters more. That said, parts of the story come off as disjointed. The A and B scenarios are still present, but feel less connected than their original incarnation, what with some bosses and key events being recycled for both versions of the story. Enemies and bosses also seem able to take more damage, and if you're new to the series, you're liable to find yourself frustrated after being locked out of supplies or wasting ammunition. Thankfully, the greater challenge is balanced by the gameplay.

All told, Resident Evil 2 is survival horror par excellence, bringing the finest in the series up to 2019 standards. And with Capcom slated to ramp up support via the release of additional content, it promises to be a gift that keeps on giving. Highly recommended.

---

THE GOOD

• The epitome of survival horror
• Looks, sounds, and plays great, with no apparent slowdowns or lags
• A ton of content and unlockables to keep completionists interested, with the two characters and their respective A and B scenarios having just enough variations to warrant multiple playthroughs

THE BAD

• Disjointed narratives between scenarios
• Tougher enemy constitutions and placements
• Overall tone of the story can feel uneven and jarring

---

RATING: 9.5/10

---

Angry Birds 6In1 123Special V2 Full Version

Angry Birds 123Special (v2) includes :
*Angry Birds 2.3.0
*Angry Birds Rio 1.4.4
*Angry Birds Seasons 3.0.0
*Angry Birds Space 1.3.1
*Angry Birds Star Wars 1.0.0
*Bad Piggies 1.1.0

DOWNLOAD (290mb)
Soure

DOWNLOAD LINK »

Visit 123FullSetup.blogspot.com for more.

Game Online At AetherCon II!

by Randy
@coffeeswiller

Hello, gamers! Have you ever attended an online gaming convention? If not, you should consider logging in to Aetheron II this weekend, November 15-17th! This is AetherCon's second year of running an excellent and free online gaming convention, and they have loads of events, games, and panels. I had the opportunity to catch up with Barry Lewis, the Promotional Coordinator for AetherCon. He was able to answer some questions about the convention!

Growing Up Gamers: This is AetherCon's second year. What was the original idea behind AetherCon? Has that changed since sine last year?

Barry Lewis of AetherCon II: The main idea is just to get people together to play RPGs and have fun with a sense of community behind it.  That has not changed and never will.

Growing Up Gamers: What are the technologies that you are using? What can simulate the in-person roleplaying experience?

Barry Lewis: AetherCon is using free, web based programs to run the convention.  The two programs we'll be using for the RPGs is the Roll20 program, which will be the main program being used, and the INFRNO program, in which a few games will be featured on.  Roll20 and INFRNO will be used for the publisher demos as well.  The other program we'll be using is Anymeeting, which is a free web conferencing software, for the Q&As, panels, vendor hall and artist enclave.   I think the two programs, Roll20 and INFRNO, come very close to the "in-person" feel with their use of webcams/chat rooms and on-screen graphics.  The only thing you can't do is raid the GM's fridge for snacks!

Growing Up Gamers: How many people do you expect to attend AetherCon II, and how many took part last year?

Barry Lewis: As of right now I don't have the solid numbers, since they tend to fluctuate, but this AetherCon is shaping up to have more people than last year's event.  We're learning little by little what works and what doesn't and this will help us improve each year and this translates into a better experience and more attendees.

Growing Up Gamers: How have game designers and other panelists responded to the idea of an online convention? Your schedule certainly shows us that there has been a great response, but have others been hesitant?

Barry Lewis: The response has been excellent.  Since this is a fairly new(ish) idea they are intrigued with the concept and would like to see it succeed since it's another way to get their products and themselves more exposure.  They're only hesitant until they check their schedules to see if they are available.  If they're available they tend to jump on board quickly.

Growing Up Gamers: Since AetherCon last year, I have seen at least one other online game con (ConTessa). Do you think more conventions of this sort are going to take off?

Barry Lewis: I'm noticing that online conventions are starting to appear. VirtuaCon just happened in October so I'm sure we'll see more in the near future.

Growing Up Gamers: I imagine it is taking a lot of work from a lot of people to make this happen. How many people are on your team?

Barry Lewis: I'm the director of a "live" game convention and I think doing a "virtual" game convention is much harder.  AetherCon has staff spread out across two countries, US and Canada, and it's a lot of emails, messaging and live chats.  You definitely have to be well organized and prepared for anything.  We have around 12 people working for AetherCon at any given moment with 8 or 9 of them being senior staff.

Growing Up Gamers: Are there any event types that are not yet represented in AetherCon's schedule that you would like to see in coming years?

Barry Lewis: I would like to see other aspects of gaming, such as card games and miniature games being integrated into the convention, but that just opens a whole other logistical "can of worms", at least for now.

Thanks, Barry! I would like to point out to our readers that I will be participating in AetherCon II as an attendee, a host for a couple panels and a panelist myself. If you would like to catch up with me (Randy of Growing Up Gamers), drop in to the panel at 3-4:20pm EST on Saturday Nov. 16th called Looking for Players: Bringing New Faces To Our Tables. I'll be on the panel with Mike Mason from Chaosium and Mark Diaz Truman of Magpie Games. Additionally, on Sunday I will be hosting Q&A sessions with Brian Berg of Total Party Kill Games at 4-5pm EST and Todd Crapper of Broken Ruler Games at 5-6pm EST. I hope to see you all there!

Disasters

Abstract: Similar to many famous cities in the world, Hong Kong faces various disasters in the video game world. This article goes through all these disasters, including earthquakes, nuclear threat, bio hazard and giant attacks, and discusses how likely we are to see them in the real Hong Kong.

Earthquakes

In the game Illusion City: Gen'ei Toshi (Micro Cabin Corp. MSX turbo R: 1991, FM Towns/MSX/PC-98/Sharp X68000: 1992, Sega CD: 1993), Hong Kong is described to be destroyed overnight in 200X by a mysterious earthquake.

Damage to Hong Kong due to the unexplained crustal movement in Illusion City: Gen'ei Toshi.

Two main causes of earthquakes are faults and volcanoes. Faults are the boundaries of crustal plates. From time to time, the plates are moving towards or sliding again one another, causing earthquakes. Volcanoes are hot liquid from underground known as magma gets ejected, thus they are where the movement of magma is relatively active. The movement results in pressure changes in the rock around where the magma has experienced stress. This may trigger the rock to break or move, thus inducing earthquakes.

Earthquakes due to faults and volcanoes. Source: age-of-the-sage.org

The mysterious earthquake in the game was once regarded unexplainable at the beginning because the city is long thought to be free from faults and volcanoes. For faults, Hong Kong lies within the Eurasian Plate and is located rather far away from the nearest boundary with the Pacific Plate on the Circum-Pacific Seismic Belt that runs through its neighboring places Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines. For volcanoes, Hong Kong is indeed sitting above a super volcano. However it has been extinct for more than 140 million years ago.

The tectonic plates of the world. Hong Kong is located on the far left hand side, marked as a star. Source: Wikipedia

Inferred locations of the Mesozoic volcanic centers or calderas in Hong Kong. Source: Civil Engineering and Development Department, Hong Kong government. 

As a result, the chance of a major earthquake in real Hong Kong is very small. A recent study done by Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Hong Kong government shows that in the city, the return period for a Mercalli Intensity Scale Intensity V (5) tremor (which is felt by nearly everyone, with some dishes and windows broken, and unstable objects overturned) would be 30 to 40 years and that for an Intensity VII (7) tremor (slight to moderate damage in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures) would be 500 to 600 years. In fact, the disaster in the game was later known as demon-coming crisis (降魔変) because the city was found to be full of monsters after the event. Earthquake appeared to have been used to disguise some other actual cause of the demolition.

Probably because the chances of earthquakes is rare, private buildings are yet required to meet any specified seismic-resistant design standards. Fortunately, in case of rare earthquakes the buildings are basically safe (despite some possible structural damage) due to the statutory requirement to have them withstand the load from strong wind, usually due to hurricanes (a.k.a. typhoons) that hit the city during summers. What is even luckier is that the extinct volcanoes has not only reduced the chance for Hong Kong to get a major earthquake, but also that left us a valuable geo-treasure. In Hong Kong Global Geopark, you can find gorgeous hexagonal volcanic tuffs due to past seismic activities of the extinct volcanoes.

Hexagonal rock columns near the High Island Reservoir East Dam in Hong Kong Global Geopark. Source: Wikipedia

Hexagonal columnar joints in tuff, Ninepin Group, eastern New Territories. Source: Hong Kong Geological Survey, Civil Engineering and Development Department, Hong Kong Government

Nuclear threats

In the game Bujingai (Taito. PlayStation 2: 2003), it is described that in the future, nuclear fusion reactors are set up on the Moon. Microwave emission satellites are used to transfer the energy from the reactors to Earth. Unfortunately, in AD22XX, the satellite suddenly becomes abnormal. Its high-energy microwave emission destroys 70% of the population and all its governments. Hong Kong is turned to a ruin and then occupied by monsters.

Ruined Hong Kong appeared in stage 1 "Forsaken City" of Bujingai.

Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come very close and then collide at a very high speed and join to form a new nucleus. During the process, huge energy is generated which can be used to boil water to turn turbines and generate electricity. This way to generate heat emits far less greenhouse gas than counterparts burning fossil fuel. However, the fusion process requires an exceptional condition which we have yet fully maintained to make the technology useful in production.

What we know how to do is a close relative of nuclear fusion known as nuclear fission. Nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits in smaller parts. Similar to fusion, the fission process often releases a very large amount of energy. The technology is used in all conventional nuclear power plants.

Nuclear fusion (fusing multiple lighter atoms into a large one) vs nuclear fission (splitting a large atom into multiple smaller ones). Source: Prof. Patricia Shapley.

However, the process also generates radioactive wastes. Radioactivity is well known to cause unwanted mutations and cancers to the living beings. If there is an accident, the radioactivity materials may leak to the environment and cause biological disasters. As at 2016, nuclear power accidents have already ruined two places: Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukushima in Japan. Animals in the affected areas are often reported to suffer from unwanted mutations, and people living there have far higher chances to catch various kinds of cancer than others. People living near the accident site are usually asked to leave immediately. Places so abandoned could take tens or even hundreds of years before the radioactivity is gone and become good to stay again.

Despite the potential danger, Hong Kong is now surrounded by quite a few nuclear power plants. Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant, which is 50 km away from the city, has been running since 1993 despite strong opposition from Hong Kong people. Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant which is 60 km north of Hong Kong, 1 km away from Daya Bay was started in 2002. Another one in Yangjiang is in operation starting 2014. The Taishan one, 130 km away from Hong Kong, is scheduled to start operation in 2018.

Daya Bay nuclear power plant. Source: Wikipedia

Distances of Hong Kong from nuclear plants nearby

Nobody wants any more nuclear tragedies. With the nuclear plants as our neighbors, the best that we could do is to make sure the incident notification mechanism is working, keep an eye on the expansions of existing plants and new constructions of new plants, and familiarize ourselves with the evacuation plan. Here I would like to give a special mention of the Hong Kong based news agency Factwire which unveiled potential safety concerns on the Taishan nuclear power plant in 2016, which eventually pressed the power company to disclose more information and took more measures to reassure public confidence on the plant.

Bio hazard

In the game Resident Evil 6 (Capcom. PlayStation 3/Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows: 2012) set in 2010s, some terrorists developed a virus called C-virus. If a human was in touch with the virus, he would be turned to a zombie. A victim of this virus turned out to be the fictitious China's coastal province of Lanshiang (蘭祥) which was modeled after Hong Kong. In June 2013, one of its city called Waiyip was attacked by zombies created by C-virus. On July 1st of the same year, a missile was fired at another city of Lanshiang called Tatchi. Armed with a C-Virus warhead, its detonation released a cloud of the airborne virus across the city, transforming all people there into zombies.

The C-Virus cloud encompassing Tatchi, a city of Lanshiang in Resident Evil 6.

People infected with C-Virus attacking other people in Resident Evil 6.

Bio hazard does exist in real Hong Kong.

A well-known, recurring one is the bird flu. The most noted one started in April 1997, when some chickens in the city were infected with bird flu H5N1. In August of the same year, it was spread to human and led to the death of a 5-year-old boy. Since then, more and more human infections were discovered. 18 cases were confirmed, 6 of whom died. To stop the pandemic, the Hong Kong government took the suggestions of World Health Organization (WHO). To suppress the origin of the virus, all the chickens in the territory were killed, and all the live bird shops were thoroughly cleaned and closed for a period of time. Officials and scientists also worked out a mechanism to monitor the health of live poultry in farms, borders (if imported), wholesale markets and retail stores. Whenever anomaly is detected, the slaughters and cleaning will repeat and this means another period with no live chickens on market.

H1N1 bird flu virus. Source: Wikipedia

Selling live chickens in a Hong Kong wet market. Source: SCMP

Live chickens being killed massively during 1997 H5N1 bird flu outbreak. Source: BBC Chinese

However, the most severe bio hazard in recent years was perhaps the 2003 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS). The virus first causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough and sore throat. The patient may eventually get shortness of breath and/or pneumonia. The SARS epidemic appeared to have started in Guangdong Province, China in November 2002 where the first case was reported that same month. The patient died soon after, and no definite diagnosis was made on his cause of death. Despite taking some action to control it, the mainland Chinese government neither allowed its press to report the cases nor informed the World Health Organization of the outbreak. The minute knowledge the world knew about the situation was that there might be some strange diseases happening in Guangdong. Citizens there were reported to have started doing strange things such as boiling vinegar or taking some specific Chinese medicine called Radix Isatdis (板藍根). The world treated the phenomenon as a tidbit rather than a hint of a serious pandemic.

A coronavirus that may cause SARS. Source: Wikipedia

The disease spread in Hong Kong from a mainland Chinese doctor who arrived in February and stayed on the ninth floor of the Metropole Hotel in Kowloon, infecting 16 of the hotel visitors. Knowing nothing about the new virus at all, the infected visitors traveled to Canada, Singapore, Taiwan and Vietnam, spreading SARS to those locations. Another large cluster of cases in Hong Kong centered on the Amoy Gardens housing estate. Its spread was suspected to have been facilitated by defects in its drainage system. To control the spread inside the housing estate and to the wider community, the government ordered a mandatory evacuation and quarantine for all residents there.

Mandatory evacuation of Amy Gardens residents during 2003 SARS outbreak. Source: now news 

The pandemic in Hong Kong went from March to May 2003, causing 1755 infected, 299 dead, including 6 public hospital stuff and 2 private doctors. To the world, it caused 773 deaths.

SARS case and death toll. Source: Wikipedia

Salute to those people who stayed professional in their positions during the pandemic!

Attacks by giants

In the game Gamera 2000 (Daiei Digital Entertainment. PlayStation: 1996), aliens are invading the world and Hong Kong turns out to be one of their targets. The 80m-tall giant turtle Gamera joins forces with the Science Defense Academy against the invaders.

Gamera. Source: gamera.wikia.com

The Neo Hong Kong stage, filled in extruding advertising Neon signs, in Gamera 2000

Fighting the giant monster called Gyao 3 (central top) which occupies Neo Hong Kong with the help of Gamera (left) in Gamera 2000

The Gyao 3-Gamera fight illustrated with models. Source: plaza.rakuten.co.jp

Besides the alien attack, there are also giant attacks due to humans ourselves. For example, video games adapting the giant robot anime Mobile Suite Z Gundam often include the fight of the giant robot Psycho Gundam (around 40 m tall) with another robot Gundam Mark-II (around 20 m tall) inside Neo Hong Kong.

Psycho Gundam

Psycho Gundam transformed to mobile fortress mode

The fight between Gundam Mark-II and Psycho Gundam in Hong Kong in Dynasty Warriors: Gundam 2 (Bandai Namco Games. PlayStation 2/PlayStation 3/Xbox 360: 2008)

In reality, we (also the people all around the world) are lucky not having seen any of these kinds of giant attacks - we have yet seen reports (or nobody has disclosed one at least) on aliens, and humanoid robots are thought to be way less efficient and practical than other arms such as droids. But if there is really one, would Kwan Yu which is honored by a lot of Hong Kong people (see here for more details) come out to help us just as what he did in the movie The Big Calamity 戰神/香港大災難 (1976)?

A Kwan Yu statue. Source: Wikipedia

Kwan Yu fighting aliens in Hong Kong in the movie The Big Calamity (1976). Note the Hong Kong Hilton and former Legislative Council (now the Court of Final Appeal) in the background.

Final Remarks

After looking at all the above, you should have found that Hong Kong is located at a place which is be normally free from most natural disasters such as earthquakes. Meanwhile, we remain alerted and well-prepared for the worst to come as in nuclear accidents. In the worst case when a disaster really happens, most of us remains professional at our positions to get things fixed as in SARS. Wish this fortune and professionalism continue to be with the city so we never need to bother Kwan Yu to protect us from giants.

An amateur movie describing what might happen if Hong Kong is doomed to be destroyed by a meteorite in 2047

References

• http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/equake/sig_eq_chance_e.htm
• http://hkss.cedd.gov.hk/hkss/eng/education/GS/eng/hkg/chapter6.htm
• http://hkss.cedd.gov.hk/hkss/eng/education/GS/eng/hkg/chapter7.htm
• http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/mag_vs_int.php
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano_tectonic_earthquake
• https://www.sott.net/article/250581-Hong-Kong-Super-Volcano-Linked-to-Dinosaur-Extinction
• http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/government/publication/consultation/docs/2013/Seismic-resistant.pdf
• https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92
• http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/tectonic_plates/boundaries_boundary_types.htm
• http://hibinotubuyaki06.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-304.html?sp
• https://sites.google.com/a/ecsd.us/john_stemscienceportfolio/home/volcanoes-and-earthquakes
• http://www.bujingai.com/
• http://www.dbcp.gov.hk/eng/prepareness/zones.htm
• http://www.hko.gov.hk/radiation/tidbit/200912/images/map.jpg
• http://www.dbcp.gov.hk/eng/safety/plants.htm
• http://www.lizawang.com/talk/talk22_bird_flu/history.shtml
• http://evchk.wikia.com/wiki/2003%E5%B9%B4%E6%B2%99%E5%A3%AB%E7%96%AB%E6%BD%AE#cite_note-0
• http://rthk.hk/mediadigest/20030515_76_79208.html
• http://residentevil.wikia.com/wiki/Lanshiang
• https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%98%9F%E7%96%AB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8
• https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B9%8B%E6%9C%80#.E7.81.BD.E9.9B.A3
• https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11938498
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS_conspiracy_theory
• http://www.zysj.com.cn/zhongyaocai/yaocai_b/banlangen.html
• http://gamera.wikia.com/wiki/Gamera
• http://anurito.genin.jp/game/kaizyu/gamera/ga2000.html
• http://godzilla.wikia.com/wiki/Gamera:_2000
• https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%88%B0%E7%A5%9E_%28%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%29
• http://evchk.wikia.com/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%A5%9E_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)
• https://futurism.com/will-our-future-wars-be-fought-by-massive-military-robots/
• http://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/reprint/r640.pdf 
• http://www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/about/organisation/stru.html
•  http://www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/publications/information_notes/doc/IN_2012_02E.pdf